One of my major critiques of Gothelf’s Lean UX is that it teaches how to create proto-personas, but it doesn’t teach you how to build personas from real data. Gothelf stresses validating your assumptions, but he does not go into depth regarding validating personas.
That said, I will argue all day that assumptive personas (or ad-hoc personas, etc.) are still better than having no direction at all when designing. For example, if you have five hours of total upfront “UX” time, a complex product with many users types, and a tight timeline, sometimes the most effective thing you can do is sketch out assumptive personas and design for them. It’s still a huge risk, but at least you can base your design decisions on something.
Assumptive personas can also be helpful as a first step to developing real personas. Surveys can be developed to validate/invalidate the assumptive personas and identify any overlooked personas.
But, yes, these things are very dangerous when they get in the wrong hands.
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